Carl Rogers’ Theory of Personality - 1364 Words

Running head: PERSONALITY THEORY PAPER Personality Theory Paper Personality Theory Paper From the theories of Sigmund Freud to humanistic theories of personality, how one views others greatly influences how one sees the world and vice versa. Because the theories are so different—some suggesting that human nature is ill, evil, or bad, while others believe it is intrinsically good—it is easy to see why people’s views of others and the world are so different. However, each person has a single theory or belief that influences the way they others. For me, that theory is Carl Rogers’ theory of personality, and this theory greatly impacts how I view others in society and in the workplace, in addition to my own role in society and the†¦show more content†¦My role in society is different from how they perceive theirs. According to Rogers (n.d.), Carl Rogers strove to empower others to be the best that they could be through therapy, including therapy that involved giving of one’s personal self through relevant self-disclosure and thr ough really listening to a person’s problems (â€Å"Personality Synopsis, 2004). This is how I see my role in society. I see it as my responsibility to be the best I canShow MoreRelatedCarl Rogers Theory of Personality2519 Words   |  10 PagesCarl Rogers Introduction Carl Rogers is among the small group of enlightened, visionary individuals that stand as giants in the field of psychology. Due to the theories that Rogers developed not only in psychology but in theories of education, he is considered, as Constance Holden writes, †¦one of the grand old men of American psychology and a leading figure in the postwar development of humanistic psychology (Holden, 1997, p. 31). This paper reviews his theory of personality, his approach toRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality : Carl Rogers846 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology Assessment Carl Rogers was a humanistic psychologist who developed the theory of personality. This theory helps us to understand human behaviour by looking at a person’s self-image and their actions and therefore shows that everyone is different. Rogers believed that people can achieve self-actualization through unconditional positive regard, congruence and genuineness. (McLeod, 2014) Self-actualization is when a person can reach their full potential and this happens when their self-imageRead MorePersonality Theory Bandura Carl Rogers3322 Words   |  14 PagesRunning head: Albert Bandura Carl Rogers Compare and Contrast Social Cognitive and Humanistic Theories of Personality to the case study entitled Myesha Course: PSCY3017 Personality Theory II Personality is an intriguing component in psychology vital for the perception of human beings. Understanding and defining personality has proven to be a difficult task. It is so complex, in fact, that no single theory can adequately define it. If one was to ask an ordinaryRead MoreCarl Rogers and His Theory of Personality Essays3414 Words   |  14 PagesCarl Rogers (1902-1987) was ‘the most influential psychologist in American history’ (Kirshenbaum, 1989:11). Since the study of personality began, personality theorists have offered a wide assortment of explanations about behaviour and about what constructs a person. Carl Rogers was the main originator of the ‘person centred’ approach, also referred to as the ‘nondirective’ or ‘client centred’ approach. This essay will offer a brief description about some of the main concepts in Carl Rogers’ personRead MorePersonality Theory: Victor Frankl vs Carl Rogers Essay2368 Wor ds   |  10 PagesPERSONALITY THEORY Ââ€" CARL ROGERS AND VICTOR FRANKL Why is it that man lives up to a certain point not knowing what the meaning of life is. Not knowing what path to follow, not knowing if the energy and courage to discover the truths of ones own existence in this world exist. Some persons will drive past a street child on Cape Town roads and look sideways in horror, quickly lock a car door with an unapparent elbow; warm, safe, and comfortable in the interior of a brand new sports model car. OthersRead MoreCarl Rogers’ Theory Of Personality. Personality Theories1093 Words   |  5 PagesCarl Rogers’ Theory of Personality Personality theories suggest explanations for behaviors and how to change them. Multiple personality theories exist however one of the most interesting is the theory of personality by Carl Rogers. Rogers writes, â€Å"the core of man’s nature is essentially positive† (1961, p.73). â€Å"Carl Ransom Rogers (January 8,1902- February 4, 1987) was an influential American psychologist who, along with Abraham Maslow founded the humanistic approach to psychology† (â€Å"Carl,† 2017,Read MorePsychodynamic And Humanistic Theories Of Psychology1634 Words   |  7 PagesPsychodynamic and Humanistic Personality Theories The study of the human mind is an interesting topic to discuss about, we have many theorists that have come up with many different ideas or theories, in how to evaluate the mind of humans, two main ways to study the mind in psychology are psychodynamic approach and humanistic approach. Even though these theories are to evaluate human minds they have different views in how the mind works. In psychodynamic approach, the way the mind is viewed is thatRead MoreSigmund Freud And Humanistic Theories Of Psychology1636 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The reading of personality has a thick layer of theories in psychology and is one of the most important fragments of psychological history to this day. This paper will compare and contrast the differences between the great theories of the psychodynamic theory from Sigmund Freud and the humanistic theory from Carl Rogers. These two theorists have different views of how personality is developed, with both theorists influencing the world of psychological personality to this day. Disputes betweenRead MoreComparison of Theories on Personality Essay examples1273 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Theories on Personality Abstract This paper is a comparison of three different viewpoints on the subject of personality. Carl Jung, B.F. Skinner, and Carl Rogers all had very different outlooks on what defined someone’s personality. As an added feature I have included myself as a theorist because my views are also different from the previous mentioned theorists. This paper will also look briefly into the background of each theorist because their views on life began in theirRead MoreCarl Rogers : A Humanistic Approach1295 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as Carl Rogers, who believe that people needed to be self-centered. As a result he created what is known today as the self-centered theory. Carl Rogers believed that being self-centered is essential to the client’s personal growth of self-esteem. Rogers’s theory can be broken down into many steps. All of these steps help the main purpose of his work, self-concept. This theory consists of many components all starting with this basics of his approach. Carl Roger’s self-centered theory was accredited

Documentary film Super Size Me Free Essays

Crucial health information is brought to the general public’s attention, when Morgan Spurlock directs and stars in the documentary film Super Size Me. After the obesity epidemic that broke out in the early 2000’s, Spurlock wonder’s what would happen if he were to consume only McDonald’s for breakfast, lunch and dinner for thirty days. This experiment raised many eyebrows to what is really reflected as healthy food. We will write a custom essay sample on Documentary film Super Size Me or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, due to Spurlock’s study a question came to mind; Should McDonald’s place health warning labels on their so-called food products? Yes, all McDonald’s should place health warning labels’ on their products of food. Spurlock proves that McDonald’s is not safe to consume, because at the end of his experiment he gained twenty four and a half pounds, had a thirteen percent increase in body mass, a  cholesterol  level of 230, elevated mood swings, fat buildup in his liver and sexual dysfunction. Many critics say that because Spurlock was not exercising regularly and was intentionally consuming an average of 5,000 calories a day, that anybody would have had the same results. Nonetheless after Spurlock carried out his experiment, he proved his case which is, walking 5,000 steps a day and consuming 5,000 calories a day of just McDonald’s is dangerous from every view and McDonald’s should place warning labels on all their food that is sold to the public. Though warning labels’ on McDonalds food would not harm business as much as corporate thinks it will, in the film Super Size Me, Spurlock approaches random members on the street of Manhattan, New York and ask if they know how bad McDonalds is for them and if so, why do they continue to eat it? Every person that was addressed by Spurlock stated yes they do know fast food restaurants are the main cause for health problems, but they still love to eat out. Proving that even the informed American concisely makes the decision to eat out rather than making a fresh meal at home. In the end, Spurlock’s film was a success when it came to getting his message across, which is, be informed and stay healthy. How to cite Documentary film Super Size Me, Essay examples

Saddam Hussien War Essay Example For Students

Saddam Hussien War Essay Persian Gulf War-the Feat of the Western CountriesEssay submitted by UnknownOn August 2nd, 1990 Iraqi military forces invaded and occupied the small Arab state of Kuwait. The order was given by Iraqi dictatorial president Saddam Hussein. His aim was apparently to take control Kuwaits oil reserves (despite its small size Kuwait is a huge oil producer; it has about 10 per cent of the worlds oil reserves ). Iraq accused Kuwait, and also the United Arab Emirates, of breaking agreements that limit oil production in the Middle East. According to Saddam Hussein, this brought down world oil prices severely and caused financial loss of billions of dollars in Iraqs annual revenue. Saddam Hussein had the nearly hopeless task of justifying the invasion. He plead the fact that Kuwait had been part of the Ottoman province of Basra, a city in the south of Iraq. However, the Ottoman province collapsed after World War I and todays Iraqi borders were not created until then. There was also a further and more obvious blunder in a bid to justify this illegal invasion. Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, had namely recognized Kuwaiti independence in 1963. Furthermore, Hussein claimed that Kuwait had illegally pumped oil from the Iraqi oil field of Rumaila and otherwise conspired to reduce Iraqs essential oil income. By invading Kuwait, Iraq succeeded in surprising the entire world. The USA ended her policy of accommodating Saddam Hussein, which had existed since the Iran-Iraq war. Negative attitude toward Iraq was soon a worldwide phenomenon. The United Nations Security Council passed 12 resolutions condemning the invasion. The ultimate decision was to use military force if Iraq did not withdraw unconditionally by January 15, 1991. Then, when the deadline was set, it was time to start preparing for the worst-the war. President George Bush confronted little difficulty in winning Americans support for the potential war against Iraq. However, the government found it difficult to decide upon and state one overriding reason for going to war. Was it to oppose aggression or was it just to protect global oil supplies? Other powers were more directly concerned as consumers of Persian Gulf oil, but they were not as eager to commit military force, to risk their youth in battle and to pay for the costs of the war. Critics of President Bush continued to maintain that he was taking advantage of the issue of energy supplies in order to manipulate the U. S. public opinion in favor of war. After consulting with U. S. Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney in early August 1990, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia invited American troops onto Saudi soil. He had seen Kuwaits destiny; therefore, he wanted protection. It was also the interest of the USA to stop any further advantage of the Iraqi army. The deployment was called Operation Desert Shield. These troops were armed with light, defensive weaponry. On November 8, 1990 President Bush announced a military buildup to provide an offensive option, Operation Desert Storm, to force Iraq out of Kuwait. The preparation of the operation took two and a half months and it involved a massive air- and sea lift. Finally, in January 1991, the U. S. Congress voted to support Security Council resolution 660. It authorized using all necessary means if Iraq did not withdraw from Kuwait by January 15. Shrugging off this final warning, Saddam Hussein resolutely maintained the occupation of Kuwait. The United States established a broad-based international coalition to confront Iraq militarily and diplomatically. The military coalition consisted of Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Honduras, Italy, Kuwait, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Korea, Spain, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States. .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0 , .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0 .postImageUrl , .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0 , .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0:hover , .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0:visited , .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0:active { border:0!important; } .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0:active , .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0 .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub051a3099aea662ddc23360b94248de0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arrowsmith Essay The war also was financed by countries which were unable to send in troops. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait were the main donors. More than $53 billion was pledged and received. Before the war, it appeared obvious that Iraq would have very little chance against the Coalition. The relative strength between the parties was extremely unequal. The most critical difference was that the Coalition had a total

Ionic Essay Example

Ionic Essay Define and describe ionic and covalent bonds. An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. A covalent bond is the chemical bond that involves the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms. A compound is made when two or more atoms form a chemical bond, linking them together. The two types of bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. In an ionic bond, the atoms are bound together by the attraction between oppositely charged ions. If the electron is shared equally between the atoms forming a covalent bond, then the bond is said to be nonpolar. An electron is more attracted to one atom than to another which forming a polar covalent bond. Ionic bonds are formed between a cation and an anion. Pure ionic bonding cannot exist: all ionic compounds have some degree of covalent bonding. An ionic bond is considered a bond where the ionic character is greater than the covalent character. The larger the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms involved in the bond, the more ionic the bond is. Bonds with partially ionic and partially covalent character are called polar covalent bonds. Ionic bonding is a form of no covalent bonding. We will write a custom essay sample on Ionic specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ionic specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ionic specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or in solution, but not as a solid. They generally have a high melting point and tend to be soluble in water. The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms when they share electrons is known as covalent bonding. For many molecules, the sharing of electrons allows each atom to attain the equivalent of a full outer shell, corresponding to a stable electronic configuration. Covalent bonding includes many kinds of interaction, including ? -bonding, ? -bonding, metal-to-metal bonding, agnostic interactions, and three-center two-electron bonds. The term covalent bond dates from 1939. The prefix co- means jointly, associated in action, partnered to a lesser degree in essence, means that the atoms share valence. Molecule H2, the hydrogen atoms share the two electrons via covalent bonding. Covalency is greatest between atoms of similar electronegativity. Covalent bonding does not necessarily require the two atoms be of the same elements, only that they are of comparable electronegativity. Although covalent bonding entails sharing of electrons, it is not necessarily delocalized.

Fossil Fuels Essays - Energy Development, Fossil Fuel, Fuel

Fossil Fuels Essays - Energy Development, Fossil Fuel, Fuel Fossil Fuels FOSSIL FUELS. Contents Outline 3 I. Introduction (Fossil Fuel Energy) 4 II. Types of Fossil Fuels 6 Coal 6 Oil 7 Natural Gas 8 III. Conclusion 9 Bibliography energy.ca.gov/education/story/story-html/chapter05.html http://webhome.idirect.com/bobita/Cretaceous/Uses_Of_Fossils/index.htm http://science.cc.uwf.edu/SH/Curr/fossil.fuel.htm education.leeds.ac.uk/edu/technology/ebp97/leec/coal.htm education.leeds.ac.uk/edu/technology/ebp97/leec/gas.htm Other References Underwood, Shelly and Gary Energy - How Australia Works Published in Victoria, 1995, by Cardigan Street Publishers. Twist, Clint Facts on Fossil Fuels Published in Great Britain, 1990, by Gloucester Press. Healey, Kaye Energy

Bad Odor and Bio-filtration Solutions

Bad Odor and Bio-filtration Solutions Mikhail Kachmazo v UQ: How have microbes solved a local or global problem? The specific problem or issue: Sewage and industrial plants situated near residential areas can produce unpleasant odors making it difficult to live there. Explain the problem: The sewage plants near residential areas can be a subject to the social and environmental problems if these facilities produce unpleasant odors. The causes of the odors are generally the inorganic and volatile organic compounds which result from bio filtration and from the sewer of industrial waste. There are different types of volatile organic compounds that are emitted as a result of bio filtration like 2-butanone, ÃŽ ±-pinene, tetrachloroethylene, dimethyl disulfide, ÃŽ ²-pinene, limonene, phenol and benzoic acid. One of the main culprits for the bad odor are sulphur compounds which are relatively less in concentration but play significant role in odor causing factors.[5] Explain how science is helping, or has helped, to solve t he problem: Bad odor from sewage water is a major environmental issue worldwide. Bad odor from sewage water is an indicator of possible health risk therefore governments spend a lot of money on treating the sewage water and unpleasant odor. Science has played a major role in solving this problem biologically as well as chemically. Following are several methods to treat sewage water and odor from this water. Bio filtration Thermal Oxidation Chemical Thermal oxidation burns the odor causing compounds directly or indirectly. Bio filtration on the other hand oxidizes the odor causing compounds by using microbes. Microbes like Pseudomonas Putida that are used in this technique have been significant in treating sewage water and bad odor in an efficient, safe and inexpensive way. [4] How it works: Bio-filtration is quite an innovative technology to control pollutants. It helps to eliminate malodorous gas emissions and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of low concentrations. The mos t common design of a bio-filter is just an ordinary big box. Some of them can be very big, others can be quite small. A bio-filter’s main function is to bring microorganisms together with pollutants in an air stream. The bio-filter which has the breeding material for the microorganisms is placed inside the box. The â€Å"biofilm†, which is a layer of moisture where the microorganisms live, can be found around the particles of filter media. When the bio-filtration process takes place, the operators pump the polluted stream of air through the bio-filter, so that the filter media absorbs the pollutants. The bio-filter diffuses the contaminated gas and sends it onto the biofilm that absorbs it. The pollutants are then degraded by the microorganisms. The metabolic products of this process are carbon dioxide and water as well as the produced energy. The chemical formula of this process caused by oxidation is: Volatile Organic Pollutant + O2 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   CO2 + H2O + Heat + M icrobial Biomass [3] Effectiveness of this technique: This technique is very efficient and it has plenty of advantages over the traditional methods of pollutants. First of all, one of the major conditions for traditional methods is high temperature, however when it comes to bio-filtration the technicians can use low temperatures, thus the whole process becomes cost effective, because there are no costs of combustion. Moreover it is safer than traditional methods because combustion is a dangerous process. Secondly, the maintenance cost of bio-filtration is much lower than traditional methods. According to a research conducted by Pinchin Environmental Group Canada, this technology is more than 95% efficient and environmentally friendly because the whole process can be done in an absolutely natural way. [1]

Analysis of the Impact of the Macro Environment on the Pharmaceutical Assignment

Analysis of the Impact of the Macro Environment on the Pharmaceutical Industry - Assignment Example â€Å"Changing market forces and growing public expectations† (Wilson, 2000, p.12) have added business ethics to the mix. The external environment includes both competitive and industry factors. Interestingly, Johnson et al (2008) expect all competitors to be within the same industry when this might not be the case. Equally, not all industry players compete in the same markets. Thus the diagram reflects the less-than-tidy reality of players who exist within any industry, yet compete across industry boundaries and within different competitive environments, falling outside the rational approach to strategy. The underlying factor is the organization’s ability to control the external environment. An organization has influence in the competitive arena, using marketing tools to influence others, but no control over the macro (PESTEL/STEEPLE) factors and must react to changes when they happen. Strategy traditionally focused on rational future planning, what Whittington (2001) calls â€Å"classical† and Mintzberg and Waters (1985), â€Å"deliberate† strategy. But the effects of changing macro factors fall within Whittington’s (2001) â€Å"systemic† and Mintzberg and Waters’ (1985) â€Å"emergent† strategy as such changes cannot be predicted and consequently would not feature in any strategic planning. In analyzing the external environment, de Kluyver and Pearce (2009 p.59) use global tectonics, defined as â€Å"the process by which developing trends in technology, nature, and society† change the external environment. Three tectonics are identified:

Groupon And Alibaba Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Groupon And Alibaba - Statistics Project Example To achieve this, it looks at IT startups and other e-commerce ventures as opportunities for growth and business merges, to form a global conglomente, providing B2B, and B2C business channels. In contrary, Groupon business strategy is based on economies of networking and economies of scale, encouraging consumers to sign up as a group and enjoy Groupon offer. This strengthens consumer bargaining power, which may be attributable to its poor performance in comparison to Alibaba free market design, where consumers and business are provided with a platform to deal with each other directly. Alibaba major products include free upload of item for sale, payments processing capabilities, item categorization and point-of-sale solutions. Groupon major products are not much different from that of Alibaba, only that item categorization is applied depending on clients preferences. E-commerce industry is fast paced with new inventions and innovations every day. The degree of competition is high, with new entrants at local levels anticipating to go international in future. Substitute’s product for e-commerce business is social networking sites, where businesses and consumers are engaging in business with one another. In e-commerce, the industry has power over consumers to an extent, because it may lead to a rise in prices when it raises its charges on traffic their offer. However, consumers are not tied to a single supplier, because the platform offers a platform for multiple suppliers to meet and trade with clients. Mobile e-commerce is one of the key emerging issues within the industry. Regulations are not very effective, with cases of fraud reported. Alibabas’ growth strategy might provide for long-term market leadership, dependent on the risks of cooperation and merging with other businesses. It employs product differentiation leadership in its business. Alibaba faces no liquidity problems in future, observed in it management of working capital to

Human Resource Information Systems Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Information Systems Essay 1. â€Å"Suggest how HR professionals can use online recruiting to more effectively support recruitment activities while reducing organizational costs.† Retaining and acquiring talent with high qualities is crucial to an organization’s success. â€Å"As the economy and job market heats up, so has the market for corporate recruiting and recruiting service and consultants† (Bersin, 2013). Therefore, the labor force becomes more competitive and available skills become more diverse, HR professionals need to be more selective when choosing the right candidate. Poor decisions made by recruiters can result into negative effects for the company. Another thing that can impact an organization as well as an employee’s morale is high training and development cost. For this reason alone, many companies have turned to e-Recruiting. â€Å"Online recruiting involves less human interaction, reaches a much broader audience, files records electronically, and provides selection tools electronically† (Friend, 2014). Companies can conduct everything online while spending less money sending all employees to a training session or meeting off-site. Just by conducting meetings, training, etc. online saves the company a lot of money. For example, new hires really make up the majority of the cost because they need to be trained in every aspect of the job they are taking on. Also, training occurs with other employees besides new hires when a new product or service surfaces within the company. All employees need to learn about the new products or services in order to promote them to their clients. Online recruiting comes in handy since it’s a real money saver by having employees do everything online via internet instead of meeting each time for different things. Online recruiting is not only cost effective but it’s quick and easy to do. HR professionals can posts job postings anywhere there is an internet  connection and receive responses just as quickly. Online recruiting can become very convenient. 2. â€Å"Recommend four (4) strategies to mitigate the unintended consequences associated with e-Recruiting.† Four strategies to mitigate the unintended consequences associated with e-Recruiting include: Ensuring consistent high customer satisfaction online and maintaining consistent high service When e-recruiting, recruit and select applicants who appear to have out-going personalities that fit within the organizational culture This can be determined from likes/dislikes Express that training and incentives will be provided in order to encourage loyalty, motivation, and focus on doing whatever it may be to meet the needs of the customer, and create Create a consistent set of HR practices that work together to create a culture of customer service. A strategy is not always planned and HR professionals usually have to adopt this strategic plan. Maintaining excellent service and high customer satisfaction is a good look for the company. Also, it’s a great strategy to have to meet all the needs of the customers to ensure their returned business and for them to spread the good comments about the company to their family, friends, and co-workers. The last strategy to mitigate the unintended consequences is for HR to get their practices to work together for the good of the company. HR needs to put a process in place that will be successful and beneficial to the employees and the company. 3. â€Å"Propose one (1) approach in which online recruitment can help ensure the employee’s psychological contracts are fulfilled.† According to Kavanagh, Thite, Johnson (2012), psychological contract fulfillment, employee satisfaction, and retention rates are three other important goals of the recruitment process. The employees’ beliefs about the obligations and promises between them and their companies are what the psychological contract refers to. It’s going to be important to explore the extent to which online recruitment can help ensure that employees’ psychological contracts are fulfilled. Information that is collected and distributed during the recruitment process shapes the expectancy that leads to psychological contract fulfillment, which directly affects employee satisfaction and retention rates. The numerous expectations that shape the psychological contract include the work role, such as job performance; social relations, such as co-wo rker and customer interactions; economic  rewards (raises, monetary incentives), and company culture. According to Heneman and Judge (2006), one approach to use to ensure psychological contracts are filled is a realistic recruitment message. 4. â€Å"Suggest three (3) strategies you would use to attract high-quality candidates and members of diverse groups using an e-Recruitment approach.† One strategy to use to attract candidates would be through social media. Examples of social media would be Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and even email such as Hotmail, Yahoo, and Google, etc. Today’s world is very technical savvy and most people now use the internet for everything, these medias would be perfect for announcing job vacancies and announcements. For example, when I used to work for State Farm I made a Facebook page for the company and promoted different products and services that we offered. Another strategy I would use is at the end of applicants completing their work history, etc. before submitting to the job, a series of detailed questions would be asked that relates to specific job in which they are applying for such as years of experience performing that particular job, and skill competencies, etc., this would eliminate applicants that don’t have the necessary experience and skills and alleviate unwanted applications. One last strategy I would use to determine diverse groups is have the applicant fill out an optional survey informing of their race, gender, etc. The survey if completed or not would not have an impact on whether or not the applicant is interviewed and the applicant would also be informed of this as well. This would only be for survey purpose that will allow the organization to see if and how many people from diverse backgrounds are applying. 5. â€Å"Take a stand on whether or not the attributes of a Website (attractiveness, quality, and ease of use) would affect your motivation to apply for a job at that company. Justify your position with specific examples from two (2) business Websites that you are familiar with.† In my opinion, I find that when applying for positions the company’s attractive quality and ease of use website is very important. This lets me know that the company takes pride in their name and what to make an impression on the candidates that are applying. Even though they are the ones that are hiring, they need employees to work as well as a candidate needs a job. The first impression is a lasting impression, and if I’m impressed with the Website then chances are I’m going to be impressed with the company and would want to work for them. Two websites that I’m  familiar with are www.indeed.com and www.careerbuilder.com. I used these two websites frequently because they always have up to date posts on their websites every day and have a variety of positions available. Both sites are colorful, and allow you to type in key words related to the job of interest along with the city and state. Next, it will display jobs related to the key words that are entered. The jobs that are displayed list the job title, company name, and a brief description of the job that includes the range in job salary, for some. Both search engines are easy to navigate, the content of the information is relevant to what I’m looking for. Also, usability is a plus, because they both allow you to receive job alerts, creat user accounts, and answer frequently asked questions. 6. â€Å"Propose four (4) security controls you would put into place to prevent unauthorized access to data and unauthorized disclosure of data when using e-Recruiting systems.† One security control I would use is each applicant would have to set up their own personal username and access code. This should ease the mind of the applicant, because this is information that only the applicant would use and have access to. Next, I would design a security control that is time sensitive and require the user to sign back in if the computer is idled for a certain amount of it the user spends too much time in one area without moving on to the next area. Third, I would use an online security system that would prevent hackers and unauthorized access to applicant’s information. â€Å"The last security control that I might put in place would be some type of software where you have to answer personal related questions about your past that only that specific person would know† (Zeidner, 2007). For example, a multiple choice question might pop up and ask which of the following are related to you and the employee that is trying to gain access would have to answer the question correctly. According to Kavanagh et al, I would develop privacy protection policies that (1) restrict access to data, (2) restrict disclosure of data, and (3) ensure that only job-relevant data are collected for decision-making purposes. Everyone has to be careful nowadays, because hacking into computers is just as easy as breaking into a house nowadays. References Bersin, J. (2013, May 23). Corporate Recruiting Explodes: A New Breed of Service Provders. Retrieved from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/joshbersin/2013/05/23/corporate-recruitment-transformed-new-breed-of-service-providers/ Friend, L. (2014). Advantages of Online Recruiting. Retrieved from Chron: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-online-recruiting-3093.html Heneman, H.G., Judge, T. A. (2006). Staffing Organizations (5th ed). Boston: McGraw Hill (nd). Introduction to Online Recruitment. HRM: Guide Human Resource Management. Retrieved from: http://www.hrmguide.co.uk/recruitment/introduction_to_online_recruitement.htm Kavanagh, M. J., Thite, M., Johnson, R. D. (2012). Human Resource Information Systems (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Zeidner, R. (2007, December 1). HR Magazine: Making Online Recruiting More Secure. Retrieved from SHRM: http://www.shrm.org/Publications/hrmagazine/EditorialContent/Pages/1207hrtech.aspx

Stomach Stapling: Surgical Treatment For Obesity Essay -- Research Med

Stomach Stapling: Surgical Treatment For Obesity In today's society there is an increasing number of obese people despite the growing concerns about leading a healthy lifestyle. There are numerous programs, diets, medications, etc. that have been developed to aid weight loss efforts and weight maintenance. One field that is being rapidly explored is methods of surgical treatment for obesity. This paper will explore these surgical methods. In doing so it is important to also discuss the definition and measurement of obesity, programs that have been established and claim to aid weight loss efforts, candidates for this type of treatment, medical research that has been conducted and the risks involved in this type of treatment for obesity. The purpose of this paper is to correctly inform the reader about the claims of surgical treatment and the risks that are actually involved. Obesity: Definition and Measurement The term obesity is quite difficult to define for the mere fact that humans are highly individualistic and vary in weight and height. Therefore, a standardized definition of obesity is not inclusive. One definition of obesity is "a clinical term for excess body weight generally applied to persons who are 20% or more above a desired weight for height" (Williams, 1992, p.221). Another way to define obesity is simply as an "excess accumulation of body fat" (Perri, Nezu and Viegener, 1992, p.23); however, this definition seems to be simplistic because it does not explicitly determine what the percentage overweight should be in order to define a person as obese. Because there is no standard body weight, overweight is often measured by body mass index (BMI). Body mass index is calculated as follows: BMI=weight(in k... ...H Consensus Statement 1991, March 25-27; 9(1):1-20. Mason, E.E., Doherty, C., Maher, J.W., Scott, D.H., Rodriguez, E.M. and Blommers, T.J. (1987). Super obesity and gastric reduction procedures. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 16, 495-502. Perri, Michael G., Nezu, A.M., and Viegener, B.J. (1992). Improving the Long Term Management of Obesity. New York: Wiley. Wadden, T.A. and VanItallie, T.B. (1992). Treatment of the Seriously Obese Patient. New York: Guilford Press. Williams, Sue R. (1992). Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc. http://www.commpro.com/thin/obesity.html http://www.commpro.com/thin/surgery.html http://www.ivanhoe.com/docs/backissues/lapband.html http://www-surgery.med.ohio-state.edu/divisions/genr/obesity.htm http://text.nlm.nih...ww/84txt.

Reading the Constitution Essay

In their essay, â€Å"How Not to Read the Constitution†, Lawrence Tribe and Michael Dorf describe the ways the Constitution has been interpreted by different people. Tribe and Dorf make it clear that the idea that the Constitution should be interpreted based on what the framers original intent was is not the way to read the Constitution, it takes much more than that. Tribe and Dorf also explain that justices do not interpret the Constitution in a way that would please the readers (the people) on purpose, because if that were so then the authority of the Constitution would â€Å"lose all legitimacy if it really were only a mirror for the readers’ ideals and ideas (p.49).† This means that people have the tendency to interpret the Constitution based on their own beliefs. Also, the justices themselves have their own beliefs and their own interpretations of the Constitution, but they should not come up with a decision based solely on their own opinions. The exact way to read the Constitution is indefinable, therefore in their essay, Tribe and Dorf instead described how not to interpret it and implied that justices should make wise decisions that are not entirely based on their own beliefs, the original intents of the framers made generations ago, or the expectations of the public now. In the case Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, Planned Parenthood was challenging a Pennsylvania law that placed some restrictions on abortion. Many opponents of abortion hoped that the Supreme Court would use the case to strike down the decision made in Roe v. Wade, which states that a state ban on all abortions is unconstitutional. The majority of the court voted not to do so. This is a good case for providing insight into the way justices interpret the constitution and make their decisions. Justice of the Supreme Court Sandra Day O’Connor wrote the majority opinion for the case. The majority voted not to overrule the decision made in Roe v. Wade. O’Connor wrote on behalf of the majority and wrote in the opinion that the main reasons for this decision were based on the principle of stare decisis and the fact that the case’s central ruling is workable for the states and does not come at odds with other precedents. Also, O’Connor wrote that the word â€Å"liberty† from the statement â€Å"no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law,† (the Due  Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment) includes a woman’s right to an abortion. Thus, the precedent decision made in the case Roe v. Wade that deals with the rights to and restrictions on abortion still stands. Justices William Rehnquist and Atonin Scalia each wrote dissenting opinions about this case. In Rehnquist’s dissenting opinion, his main point upon which he disagrees with O’Connor is that the right to an abortion is not â€Å"fundamental†. By this statement Rehnquist means that the word â€Å"liberty† in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does not encompass the right to an abortion because the right to an abortion is not â€Å"implicit in the concept of ordered liberty.† Thus, he does not agree with the majority opinion. Scalia disagreed with O’Connor and the majority about roughly the same point Rehnquist described in his dissenting opinion. The difference in Scalia’s opinion is that he believes there is no question that the right to an abortion is a liberty, but he states that it is not a liberty that is protected by the Constitution. Out of these three justices, Sandra Day O’Connor would most agree with Tribe and Dorf’s essay about how to read and interpret the Constitution. I believe she would be in agreement with them because unlike Rehnquist and Scalia, it seems that she interpreted the Constitution not by what she thought the framers originally meant, but by what she thought would do some good in the future. She also made it clear in her writing that the decision by the majority was not made based on the justices personal beliefs. She shows this in the majority opinion she wrote, â€Å"†¦the stronger argument is for affirming Roe’s central holding, with whatever degree of personal reluctance any of us may have, not for overruling it.†

History Paper

According to Pane’s account, what part did caves play in human origins? 1b. What happpened to Machochael and the men who left the cave to go fishing? If when they went out at night and was not able to return befiore the sun rose, upon seeing the light, as punishment since they were not allowed to see it, were immediately transformed into those trees that yeild plums. These grow spontaneously on that island in great quantity, without being planted. 1c. How did their acts alter the world? 1d. Why did the Taino go on pilgrimages to Iovanaboina? 1e. Why were zemis important? 2a.Pane says the Taino told him that men left the caves â€Å"without their women,† How did women come to populate the earth? 2b. Does the narrative suggest that men and women were created more or less as equals? 3a. This Taino origin story emphasizes that humann beings were â€Å"transformed† in numerous ways to shape the world. Why did these transformations occur, according to the narrative? 3b . How did theese transformations influence humans who were not transformed? 4a. In what ways is Pane’s religion evident in his account of Taino origins? 4b. Do you think Pane was a reliable recorder of Taino beliefs? c. What parts of Pane’s account, if any, seem credible to you? Why? 5a. Since Tainos † never had writing among them and everything is preserved by memory,† do you thing the stories the Taino told Pnae were credible accounts of ancient beliefs?5b. What evidence suggests that Taino believed these stories? 5c. Is there evidence that their origin narrative had ancient roots? 5d. On the other hand, is there evidence that they might have invented the narrative to please or satisfy Pane? 1a. According to this narrative how did human beings arrive in the world? b. What was the significance of the â€Å"great tree which every year bore corn used for food† and of the angry young men? 2a. Who does the narrative say created the earth, and why? 2b. W hat relationship existen between animals and the earth? 3. According to the narrative, how did human beings reproduce? Why? 4a. How did Othagwenda (Flint) and Djuskaha (Little Sprout) differ? 4b . Why were those differences important? 5a. Who does the narrative identify as God? 5b. What difference did it make? 1. According to Genesis, how and why did God create the world? 2.Were plants, animals, and human beings in this account more or less equal in God's eyes? No they were not equal. God said have dominion over the fosh of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over ever living thing that moveth upon the earth. 3. Why did God command human beings to â€Å"Be fruiful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion†¦ over every living thing that moveth upon the earth†? 4. Did God make different demands on men and women? Why? 5a. Why did God forbid Adam and Eve to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil? 5b.Why did they disobey God? 5c. How did God punished them? 6. How might the Genesis account of human origins have influenced Europeans as they encountered peoples in Africa and the New World? 1a. According to Aristotle, why were some people â€Å"natural slaves†? 1b. Who were these people? 1c. Why was slavery for them natural? 1d. Why was slavery â€Å"beneficial and just† for them? 2a. How would you argue against Aristotle's defense of natural slavery? 2b. Did he make false assumptions? 2c. Were his arguments illogical? 2d. Can you argue against his view starting from his assumptions? How? 3a.To what extent did Aristotle believe that it was good and just for vitors in war to enslave their captives? 3b. Was slavery for Aristotle anything other than the superior power of the master over the slave? 3c. What arguments did Aristotle make against the claim that â€Å"all slavery is contrary to nature†? 3d. Do you find his arguments convinving? Why or Why not? 4a. How did the relation of master to slave differ from that of man to woman, husband to wife, parent to children, and statesman to citizens, according to Aristotle? 4b. In what sense were â€Å"all housholds†¦ monarchically governed†? c. Since Aristotle argued that â€Å"the relation of male to female is naturally that of the superior to the inferior, of the ruling to the ruled,† would he claim that women were natural slaves? 1a. What are the major differences and similarities among these creation myths? 1b. How do their views of human beings compare to Aristotle's? 2a. The creation narratives descibe a world before humans existed. To what extent were humans a force for good in the world? 2b. How did humans' power compare to that of nature of zemis or the creator? 2c. Did Aristotle's views differ? If so, how and why? 3a.How do the views of women and men in the creation my ths compare to Aristotle's views? 3b. What do they reveal about gender roles and expectations among Native Americans and Europ eans? 4. Because the creation narratives and Aristotle's Politics originated in oral rather than written communication, to what extent can these documents be accepted as expressions of the views of common folk among the Taino, the Seneca, and Christians? 5. To what extent might the creation myths and Aristotle's views about masters and slaves have influenced the begavior of Native Americans and Europeans when they encountered one another?

Towards a Caribbean Community Essays

Towards a Caribbean Community Essays Towards a Caribbean Community Essay Towards a Caribbean Community Essay Essay Topic: Claude Mckay Poems The following family narratives reflect a long history of movements that began in the post-emancipation period, when families sought to secure viable, socially accepted, and culturally valued livelihoods, providing respect in the communities with which they identified. The following analysis of these different Caribbean family legacies elucidates how the give meaning and purpose to individual family members migratory moves, the lives that they had lived in different parts of the world and their Caribbean place of origin as a site of belonging. Finally, this paper explore the significance of this Caribbean past to later generations of family members who are born and reared in various migration destinations abroad. This is thus an ethnography of mobility, interrelations, and ties place from the point of view of individual who negotiate a variety of sociocultural frameworks that influence their notions of belonging and identity. The Caribbean offers a particular interesting context within which to study migration, because the area, as noted, is entirely the product of massive population movements due to its particular geopolitical past. The archipelago was settled first by several Indian groups from North America and South America who lived by fishing and horticulture. This population was virtually eradicated within fifty years of Columbuss discovery of the islands in 1942. When during the sixteenth century European colonizers developed a plantation system in the Caribbean, producing especially sugar for the world market, they began to import labor power to replace the Indians, first indentured laborers from Europe, then slaves from Africa, and finally, contract laborers from Asia, especially India. By the end of the nineteenth century, when large-scale migration to the Caribbean had ceases, several hundred thousand Europeans, approximately 3 million Africans, and more than half a million Asians had arrived in the Caribbean (Claude, 3). The abolition of slavery in the British colonies in 1834 (effectuated in 1838) set in motion massive population movements within the Caribbean, as many of those who had been left the plantations to settle as small farmers in free villages in the rural areas or to look for work in urban areas. Others moved farther afield for better economic opportunities, first within the Caribbean basin, then to South America and North America. This migration continued throughout the twentieth century and was finally extended to include Europe (Louise, 2). During the last half of the twentieth century alone, more than 2 million people left the Caribbean for Europe and North America. The long post-emancipation history of population movements for better social and economic opportunities has led some scholars to describe the Caribbean as characterized by a migration tradition or a migration culture (Louise, 1). Indeed, the Jamaican anthropologist Charles Carnegie (Anthony, 124) has wondered why migration should regarded as the marked phenomenon, and staying put as unmarked, because for particular peoples at particular times to move is an ordinary and expected a thing to do as to remain sedentary. What therefore needed in the Caribbean context, he states, are studies of the cultural system that makes migration meaningful to Caribbean people (Albinia Vera, 3) and the potentially limited social field of reciprocal relations that enable them to migrate. With the long history of population movements into, within, and out of the Caribbean, one can ask, however, what it means to be from the Caribbean or to belong to that category of people called Caribbean. In a critique of tendency of historical anthropology study historical processes in relation to particular localities, Mary Des Chene has raised the question, If ones work concerns that the lives of people who have more commonly been in motion stationary refugees, migrant workers, colonial district officers, academics, and what makes the place where one happens to catch up with them in itself revelatory of that mobility and its means? One might paraphrase this question slightly and ask, If ones work concerns the lives of people who have a long history of movements, what makes the mobility and its meanings? To address this question, it is necessary to examine how this place has been invested with social and cultural meaning and how variously positioned people have done rights. In conclusion this article has focused and explained in detail how most of the narratives of most families reflect a long history of movements that began in the post-emancipation period, when families sought to secure viable, socially accepted, and culturally valued livelihoods, providing respect in the communities with which they identified as to be part of them. The paper explores reasons why the Caribbean offers a particular context in which one can easily study migration due to its geopolitical past. Finally it ends by notifying why some scholars identifying Caribbean as being characterized by migration traditions or migration culture. Bibliography Anthony P. Maingot, Wilfredo Lozano. The United States and the Caribbean. 1994. Bennett, Louise. Anancy Stories and Poems in Dialect. Kingston, Ja: Printed by the Gleanor Co, 1944. Print. Ramesh, Kotti S, and Kandula N. Rani. Claude Mckay: The Literary Identity from Jamaica to Harlem and Beyond. Jefferson, N.C. [u.a.: McFarland Co, 2006. Print

Managing Performance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Performance - Case Study Example In addition, the deficiency is also important as it contains the relevant information that has been ignored and that gives a wider view of the performance of the employees. However, the performance measures should try to minimize contamination and deficiency in order to obtain validity (Bach, 44). b. The measure that lacks specificity reduce the effectiveness of a performance appraisal, therefore they should be specific in that they are told what they are expected to do and how the outcome they are supposed to deliver through feedback. Being specific helps the leaders and the employees to meet the set goals of the business. There are strategies that should be put in place in order to specify what the employees are expected to do. For this reason, a measure that lacks specify does not help to meet the set goals of the organization. Employer should point out the specific issues that he feels the employees are failing to improve (Bach, 25). c. Quality is one of the components that can be employed in this sports company so that the company can produce sportswear that are of high quality and unique than the other companies. Secondly, timely, this indicates that the goods produced should be readily available at a store for distribution 2a. Behavioral approach and the results approach performance management is important, behavioral approach is a measure of performance where the bad behavior is monitored, and the bad behavior is discouraged through various means while good performance is rewarded. Result-performance where the employee is rewarded for better performance in order to encourage them to work hard and get more rewards such as promotions, additional payment, increased commission among others (Bach, 14). 2b. Result approach is the best since it makes the workers work hard as they will work with minimum supervision, as well as they can sacrifice to work more hours in order to meet the target. However, behavioral approach is not

Chinese Trade Profile Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chinese Trade Profile - Research Paper Example China is essentially the globe’s second-largest trading country after the United States of America. Statistics has it that she is the world’s leading exporter and comes second regarding imports. Between the years 2009 and 2011, the GDP ratio of China was about 53.1%, whereas her per capita was about $2,413 (Mion & Linke p 208). The output growth of China reached the highest value at 10.4% in 2010 for the period between 2009 and 2013 as shown in figure 2. Today, many countries all over the world prefer China to be their most vital bilateral trading partner. By 2011, China had become the largest exporter and importer by trading with 32 and 34 nations respectively (Mion & Linke p 208). The total value of Chinese exports is estimated to be $2.05 trillion.Her principal or primary export commodities include electrical and other machinery. These include data processing equipment, radio, telephone handsets, apparel and integrated circuits.  Ã‚  Export Markets Her major export second-large stong Kong, the US, Japan, Germany and South Korea. The US trades with 17.2% of the total exports (Mion & Linke p 208). Hong Kong has a statistic of 15.8% as Japan trades with 7.4% of the exports. China exports 4.3% and 3.4% of her goods to South Korea and Germany. The rest goes to other parts of the world like Africa. China exports were highest in the year 2010 for the period between 2009 and 2012 as shown in figure 2. The total value of Chinese leading import goods is $1.817 trillion.

Andrew Jackson was called the People's President Essay

Andrew Jackson was called the People's President - Essay Example Jackson is by no means an easy person to understand and was a man of complexity and contradiction. He was considered both a true patriot and a traitor. Contradictions raged in every aspect of his life, although he was an eloquent writer, he could not spell and had poor sentence composition. While he was an excellent general, he knew little about war and while he had a strong passion for discipline, he had no hesitation when it came to disobeying his own superiors . Consequently, concise definitions of his character are difficult to obtain, with many different, often opposite personality traits being attributed to him. It is likely that this complexity in personality drove many of the political decisions he made. One personality trait however that is not ambiguous is that he was a strong and decisive man, making his own decisions rather than letting other people influence him. For example, on his death Jackson commented on having only two regrets One way in which Jackson worked strong ly for the people was through the struggle for the National Bank. Jackson worked hard to rescind the charter of the federal bank, believing that the bank allowed for too much control to be placed in the hands of the elites, created the potential for the government to be controlled offshore interests as well as serving only to make the rich richer and having little benefit for the poor. In this venture, Jackson was indeed fighting for the rights of the people. However, one cannot consider that Jackson was always the ‘People’s President’ or that if he was, then it depends on which people are being referred to. Certainly, the Native Americans suffered significantly during his terms as President. One of the first actions that Jackson made as President was the creation of the Removal Act, which was passed in 1830. This act gave the legal ability for the forcible removal of Native Americans from much of their land east of the Mississippi River, relocating them to an al ternative territory to the west. Even prior to his presidency, the idea of obtaining Native American land was a focus for Jackson. As a politician, Jackson mostly represented the economic interests of the South, and consequently had a large involvement in the process of Native American removal . This act is often considered an abuse of power, as it drove the Native Americans from the land of their heritage where they had strong spiritual ties. In addition, the move went directly against promises that had been made to the Native Americans in the past . Another important issue that occurred during the time of Jackson’s presidency was that of the Nullification Crisis. High tariffs were in place on many manufactured goods imported from Europe. This significantly raised the price of these goods, which had an overwhelming negative effect on planters in the South. Critics argued that the tariffs cost the southern farmers, while providing significant benefits to industrialists in the north. Jackson had built his early political history on supporting the southern economy and was reported to be sympathetic towards the south. Nevertheless, he chose to instead support the laws of the Union, attempting to pass a Force Bill, which would enable him to use

Essay about the the movie ( A Perfect Passion - Gail Currie (2008) )

About the the movie ( A Perfect Passion - Gail Currie (2008) ) - Essay Example It is clear from the documentary that the Hopak dance is a great medium that the Ukrainians use to pass their messages across to other Ukrainians non-verbally. Thus, dance has a great value in giving people information without speaking any word. The Hopak dance was seen as an energetic and flamboyant folk dance of the Ukrainian people as it reflected their rural lifestyle. The message of this documentary is clear as it could be deduced from this dance style that the lifestyle of the Ukrainians is in line with the Cossack lifestyle (Dancers). Thus, the dance was used by the director to trace the origin of the Ukrainians and teach lessons of history. Thus, dance is also a way of teaching people their history non-verbally without having to read history books into their ears. The dance described in A Perfect Passion has no fixed pattern of steps and the dance is done according to the mood of the dancers and it helps brings matters that happen in the community to the fore. Thus, dance is seen as a way of spreading information about the society that the dance was performed and this is a non-verbal means of spreading information to the people (Dancers). Thus, dance is also a great means of spreading information to people about current events non-verbally without having to listen to the news. Dance in A Perfect Passion is also a means of spreading messages of love and folktales as lovers perform this dance in order to spread message of love to the people. The dance of couples is a beautiful dance that is used in the documentary to preach love and the sustenance of relationships. The improvised steps by the male dancers are just ways that have been devised to spread some specific messages without uttering any words (Dancers). Men and women dance differently in the Hopak dance style. The squatting kicks, high leaps and turns that are performed competitively by men and the simple dance steps, sways and claps that are performed by women are just ways

Greed Triggers Fraud And Corruption

Greed Triggers Fraud And Corruption ABSTRACT Purpose Greed triggers fraud and corruption which is one of the biggest problems we are facing in our country as its increasing enormously rather than decreasing. The purpose of this study is to assess the different types of fraud and corruption and because it is such a broad topic we will focus on a life situation which highlights how greed plays a huge role in the creation of fraud and corruption. Design/ Methodology/ approach in depth interview are conducted with a senior quantity surveyor who has been working for a contracting company for the past six years and has allowed me to be part of the investigation process that is being conducted. The reason behind the investigation is to find out how come they owe such a great amount of money for tax but money had been deducted from their salaries since they started working and reasons of being unfairly dismissed. Findings The employer of the contracting company seems to be deducting money from his employees salaries but not paying the tax company without the knowledge of his employees using it for his own private use. Additional information was found that all his workers havent been registered under the department of labour and the company has been running for a number of years now and unfair dismissal was practised in this company. Originality/ Value The final results of this paper will help us understand and beware that there are all kinds of corruption in the industry. Ms Anonyms will hand over all her payments slips to the investigation officers to prove that she has been working and paying for her tax over the past years while working and to also open a case of unfair dismissal and take it to the Commission for Conciliation Meditation and Arbitration (CCMA). TERMS OF REFERENCE PROPBLEM DESCRIPTION Fraud and corruption play a big role in the construction industry which this results in the hindering of development in our country and the country not moving forward. AIM The Aim of the research is to bring the matter of fraud and corruption to attention of the reader. To detect risks in the industry and to provide users with relevant anti- corruption resources. OBJECTIVES To find out what triggers fraud and corruption To what extent is an individual willing to scoop low to get what they want and not be caught How corruption affects the Construction industry How it hinders development. PROPOSAL Chapter one 1.1 Introduction Greed is a critical issue affecting the construction industry and country as a whole as it leads to fraud and corruption which plays a huge part on the hindering of development in our country. Chapter 2 2.1 Greed The selfishness of an individual of wanting more and not being satisfied of what they already have. 2.2 Fraud A criminal offence done intentionally because of personal motives which the individual will gain that could affect another individual. Corruption Chapter three 3.1 Case study Ms Anonymous finds herself in the middle of a fraud and corruption situation that she was not aware off. 3.2 Tax invasion CONTENT PAGE PGE NO. Acknwoledgements Abstract Terms of reference CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Fraud and Corruption are broad and complex issues but their roots are embedded in a countries social or cultural history, Political and economic development and it includes both these committed by the government, employers, employees, management staff, individuals or a group of people who have come together with one agenda only and these committed is motivated by Greed. Greed steers and individual into fraud and corruption which also triggers the power of the mind, when a person starts procrastinating about the benefits and what one shall gain they begin to start plotting ways in making these thoughts into reality and once these thoughts become reality and the outcome is greater than expected they start abusing the situation into their own advantage. The construction industry sector is recognised as carrying the highest risk of corruption, the rate of corruption and fraud in the industry is increasing enormously rather than decreasing which is slowing down the economy and surprisingly it has become an ordinary and normal habit that is being practised. It is almost like a swimming pool which everybody now wants to jump in and swim in the deep end not bearing in mind that not everybody can swim. CHAPTER 2 HISTORY GREED Greed is that extreme desire to attain or posses more than what one has such as material wealth which is usually more than what one needs and deserves. It also involves using being wealthy to gain power over others also denying others of wealth and power. It is basically being selfish, thinking of ones self while at the same-time affecting other people negative way. For example if a building inspector would accept a bribe from a contractor to approve and state that all work done is of good quality and condition while that is not true than that is an act of being greedy because looking at the situation the only people gaining here are the building inspector and the contractor while in the long it will negatively affect the community as a whole or the people who will be in use of the premises that is being built. FRAUD In the country we live in fraud is a criminal act that would disadvantage an individual or a group of people and it is also a civil law violation. Fraud is done intentionally which involves dishonesty for personal gain or damage to other individuals. Fraud can be categorized into many forms for example theft and embezzlement. In a case of fraud you would have for example a person such an Alien (not belonging in the industry) who knows nothing about the construction and the whole background of it having certificates qualifying him in erecting projects in a case that he doesnt even how foundation is done. CORRUPTION Corruption in any case is the act of being dishonest and abusing power or the persons position. Corruption can happen anywhere and is usually committed by an individual or a group of people such as officials or private persons. Corruption comes in many forms such as bribery, nepotism, cheating, vote rigging and extortion. An example of corruption would be paying off kickbacks to get multi million rand contracts for dubious reasons, having to regularly donating huge sums of money to maybe political parties or buy expensive gifts such as cars worth millions rands in-order to get something in return. Corruption and fraud come in with greed because they are actions stem from the lack of ethics and undermine human institution and human relations. CHAPTER 3 CASE STUDY Ms Anonymous and Contracting Company. Ms Anonymous has been working for a contracting company for the past 3 years as a senior quantity surveyor for this company. She did more than just her employed position where she also worked in the civil side of the work and any other work that needed attention she would be gladly to assist in other words she was more of an asset to the company and they had mentioned that to her as well. The problem started when Ms Anonymous received a letter that she needed to go sort out her tax returns. When she went to pay a visit at the tax company (SARS). S he was informed that she owes a lot of money and was asked why she hasnt been paying for her tax? She was shocked and told them that she has been paying for her tax ever since she started working for her recent company the past three years. They told her to request and RIP5 form from her employer and also to keep all her pay slips as proof of payments for tax when needed to check her account and also that her company was one of the companies that were chosen for audits in 2012 so they would be an investigation with regards to her matter of not paying tax and would take things from there. Audits where later on done of the company and it revealed that they owe a great deal amount of money and that they have not been paying whatsoever. They told Ms Anonymous to bring all evidence as proof that money has been deducted from her account for tax and they had promised that no information regarding with her account would he linked to the owners of the company and had assured her that she did nothing wrong as they had called in her to query her about her tax number. Investigations continued as the tax investigators kept coming into the office to do Company Audits and since they had no financial and bank statements and how much is being charged from the workers it pin pointed that they have been not paying such as VAT and PAYE. Things started to be little offish at work where they were all panicking and looking for fingers to point as they were not aware how and what had led SARS to come and audit the company with realising that SARS had chosen them themselves than rumour went out the Ms Anonymous had went to SARS. Later on they made false pay slips saying as he was paid more than she was being paid so that it will show as if she was the one who was not paying Tax but then Ms Anonymousness Payslips had proven all of that wrong. A month later Ms Anonymous was called into the Bosses office and was told that due to financial constraints they will have let her go because they will not be able to afford and they will be giving her 3 months to look for her job and are willing to give her good recommendation. TAXATION The importance of paying tax Nobody wants to pay tax which is highly understandable but that money is the only money raised through tax that the government relies on to produce public revenue to pay for public expenses that provide goods and services to the public. Without tax and people not paying it becomes difficult for the government to try meeting the basic needs of the country. Both the state and the local governments are imposed in collecting tax. There are different types of taxes that need to be paid which are: Income taxes Payroll taxes Sales taxes Excise taxes Wealth taxes Article I, Section 8, says: The Congress shall have Power to lie And collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the country Benefits and uses for tax As mentioned above that tax pays for goods and services for the public such as: Education Public housing Public welfare such as security Unemployment benefits Highways and public transportation Health Police Fire protection Tax also includes daily operating expenses of the government and also salaries of the government employees and also interest on debt owed by the government. It is highly important as the benefits of tax keep the country in place and running and also reaching out to the people who are unable to afford from themselves. The roads we walk and drive in everyday is because of the tax that is being paid, the public clinics and hospitals that help our people to get treatment and be attended to when they cannot afford when they are sick is because of tax and the list goes on but all in all it is beneficial for the country for tax to being paid. Responsibilities of income tax payers The income tax system is a voluntary act and compliance but it does not mean that tax payers can only pay tax when they want to or not pay tax when they also dont want to. In other words everybody who is working must pay tax and in order foe people to comply with the legal responsibilities the tax law must be fair and firm. When looking at being fair, the government must be fair enough as to the people paying tax wont resent him as the government and the leader of the country and also resent paying tax at the end of the day and making sure that everybody complies. When looking at being firm, people who dont comply with this law and try to duck it must be punished and made seen that they are committing a criminal offence and should pay dearly for such action. Penalties for Tax Fraud In most cases people who dont pay tax are due to carelessness or negligence or usually done intentionally and find ways to avoid paying tax which is seen as tax fraud and these people are faced with tax interest or tax penalties. Tax fraud is when people who avoid paying tax and are not honest to the government about their monthly/annually incomes so they can be taxed fairly with regards to how much they earn and they lie in-order to pay little tax which becomes unfair to the government and all other tax payers. Tax fraud is a crime and people who commit such crime face high consequences close to about 75 percent financial penalties. There is no way of ducking and hiding from paying taxes because eventually everybody is caught just that it might not be now but when it comes to fraud and corruption someone always slacks up and leaves foot prints. LABOUR RELATIONS ACT (LRA) The labour relations act is the relationship between people who work and those who they work for. The labour relations act was reshaped and implemented to create a good and working-full environment in the workplace. To give an employer and a employee to work under good and fair principles knowing their rights and limitations and which lines not to cross. To protect the employee against the employer and to also protect the employer against the employee but in most cases employees are opening cases against their employers. it is hoped that democracy in the workplace will bring industrial stability, economic growth, and labour peace. Dismissals of the Labour relations act Chapter VIII of the LRA concerns unfair dismissals. Section 185 records that every employee has the right not to be unfairly dismissed. The term dismissal is examined in the section 186 and includes: A termination effected by an employee with or without notice. An employers failure to renew a fixed term contract when an employee has a reasonable expectation Refusal of an employer to allow an employee to return to work after maternity leave. Retrenchment When retrenchment is introduced it is usually when a company is facing some financial difficulties and is done for the followings reasons, economic, structural or technical reasons and before retrenchment takes place a proper procedure needs to be taken in-order to allow for retrenctment which is as follows: Consultation Immediately when the employer has no other options but to apply retrenchment, he has to inform his employees buy holding up a mass meeting where everybody is present or he could hold individual meetings with the individuals who will be involved in the retrenchment. Employees are allowed to interact with the employer and also suggest other alternative ways which could be looked into such as reducing working hours and also workings days, the appropriate method to be used for the people are to be dismissed. Minutes can be taken in this case as it would help for misunderstood situations and to protect both the employer and employees. When consultation is taking place members of the trade unions can be present to protect their workers and all the commission for conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) can also be present to intervene in this matter. Disclosing of information in writing When complementing retrenchment the organisation or the employer should issue letters to the employees that will be affected because of retrenchment. The information should inform the employees of the pending and the dates of retrenchment, reasons why they will be intiating retrenchment, the servenrane pay that is proposed, the assistance of the employer with regards with interviews and assisting them in getting new employment if possible. Should there be any misunderstanding or any disputes that could take place than the employer shall refer to the written information to clarify any mis-understandingand these disputes could be handled by the labour court or the Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA). Opportunity for feedback The employer should give employees the opportunity to give feedback with the proposed retrenchment that will take place, give them a chance to make presentations and whatever is said and presented must be taken inot consideration by the employer and try to negotiate as so all paryies are happy. The last in 1st out rule should be applied when dealing with retrenchment as you cant compare a person who has been working for a company for the past 3 years over a person who has been around the company for 2months. If the company is going through financial constraints and they wish to let go a few staff than they should consider the last recently employed staff. CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 Data collection With the information gathered with regards to Miss Anonymouses case we can draw up the following checklist: The company has been deducting tax from her salary She received a monthly income She enjoyed annual and sick leave, UIF and PAYE benefits She has been working for the company for the past 3 years She signed an employment contract of reinstatement in September 2009 There is no proof of her being registered by her employer under the Labour court Data analysis With the gathered information it shows that Miss Anonymouses was a full employee of the company which also makes her fall under the people who should be paying tax to the government every-month. Having a look at her payslip it clearly shows that money has been deducted for tax from her payslip and with her knowledge she has been paying for tax. Additional information has been found that she was has not been registered under the labour court meaning she cant be taxed as they may not be aware of how much she gets paid which is would make it hard for the tax man to tax her properly. The company is at fault for using moneyof the employees for their own personal use and without their knowledge and this sot of behaviour does fall under fraud and corruption and is a crime. She has been working for the company for over the past three years so if the company was going through any sort of financial problems and they saw using the retrenchment system as part of covering costs than they did not follow the proper procedures of dismissal, she was not even consulted properly or given a chance to discuss the matter and negotiate or think of other alternative ways to avoid such dismissal. Re-solutions, suggestions When referring to the case study, the best possible steps that could be taken here is that Ms Anonymous keeps all proof of her payments that she can represent to SARS, write each and every single thing said to her and if they is anything asked or told to ask for it in writing and signed for because in the country we live in anything is possible and to make life easy is having all proof and evidence just to be on the safe side. With regards to unfair dismissal, she should take the matter to the CCMA and report the act of unfair dismissal because no proper procedures where taken so it is either they will have to compensate her even more or giver her, her job back if she is willing to take it back. Each and every employee has a right to be treated fairly in the working environment and legal action can be taken in situations like this. CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS Fraud and corruption is everywhere and is triggered by greed of an individual and it reduces economic growth, quality of life and undermines government creditability and reduces effectiveness. The fight against them should be presented in a short period of time in order to fight corruption. Every federal department and agency should work together continuously. Audit and investigation s could find any corruption or fraud cases, but the most important thing is to define how to prevent and detect them at the earliest stage possible.

Apollo 11 :: essays research papers fc

Apollo 11 From countdown to splashdown, Apollo 11's mission was filled with some surprising twists and turns. It took a combination of luck, determination and guts for the crew of Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin, and Neil Armstrong to get the Eagle to the surface of the moon with only 30 seconds of fuel remaining! Experience the moments leading up to the lunar landing with me. On the morning of July 16, 1969 a 60-ton Saturn 5 rocket was given a thorough inspection on launch pad 39-A at the Kennedy Space Center. On board, Four and half tons of fuel, and a spider-shaped spaceship covered with gold and silver foil. The goal of Apollo 11 was stated very simply. Perform manned lunar landing and return mission safely. Simply stated, but almost impossible to achieve, it was the mission NASA had been preparing for almost a decade, and nobody was trying to pretend this was just another launch. It would take this rocket ship almost three days to reach the shores of their new world. For the crew on board, that’s when the real mission would begin. Until then, they could marvel at a view that only six people before them had been privileged enough to see. Exactly 75 hours and 50 minutes after blasting off from Earth, the crew of Apollo 11 entered lunar orbit, something only two crews before them had done. Every orbit brought the crew closer to their ultimate destination, the Sea of Tranquility, a flat surface near the Moon’s equator that would be lit by the Sun when the final approach began. On the 13th orbit of the Moon, Aldrin, Armstrong and Collins began their voyage into uncharted territory. On the morning of Sunday July 20th, the three crew members were woken up after a restless night’s sleep. Aldrin and Armstrong climbed through the tunnel connecting the Command Module to the lunar lander and entered the spaceship they had named, The Eagle. For Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong, life would soon become much more curious than that. With the flick of a switch, Collins detached The Eagle from the mother ship Columbia and the journey to the surface of the Moon had begun. With very little fanfare the Eagle rounded the corner to the far side of the Moon. The crew has a series of maneuvers to perform during their final lunar orbit. But the crew on the ground is helpless.

High School Enrollment System Essay

I. 1 Background of the Study This project looks at an Enrollment System for a high school. It stores details of students, year, and section. It may also be use as local assessment of the MEIN Business H. S. for their fees. The enrollment is designed for use by staff and other authorized user in the high school office to enable them to easily produce information required by the different people in the high school. Computing technology has an impact on almost every aspect of daily life. Computer applications abound in art, business, entertainment, science, engineering and medicine. For students who  think logically, enjoy solving problems and have an interest in software development, Computer Science is a good study choice. Students develop skills in logical thinking, creative problem-solving and communication. Classes often incorporate a team approach, requiring clear communication among members as they solve a problem and explain their solution to others. Students gain both hands-on design experience as well as theoretical knowledge. This combination of skills provides an advantage to graduating students because of the broad range of skills possessed. Classes are generally small, averaging less than 25 students. The faculty works on such fascinating topics as virtual reality, high-speed networks, parallel computing, computer security, embedded applications, Internet technologies and multimedia. Students work alongside faculty in department labs equipped with state-of-the-art computing equipment. Students can gain extra experience in the Student Chapter of the ACM (affiliated with the national organization), which hosts technical and social activities as well as the Honors Co-op Program which provides paid internships during the senior year at local companies. A web application or web app is an application that is accessed via  the Internet or an Intranet. Web applications are popular due to ubiquity of the client. The ability to update and maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially thousands of client computers are key reasons for their popularity. A significant advantage of building web applications to support a standard browser feature is the ability to perform as specified, regardless of the operating system installed on a given client. The proponents decided to adapt web application in their study because it enables the students, faculty, and administrators of the  institution to gain 24-hour access and use to the proposed system via a client computer without any needs of installing or distributing any software. I. 2 Statement of the Problem The MEIN Business H. S. is using a manual system for their enrollment facility. The inaccuracies of information were minimal, like the identification of level per year and sometimes the registrar personnel were making a mistake with the number of subject—but the possibility of encountering a more difficulties and tedious task was still at hand. One of the problems that the institution would like to include in the  study was the lack manpower in the accounting department. In the accounting office or the cashier, MEIN Business H. S. only had two personnel to accommodate the students during the payment of fees for their enrolment. The outcome was that the school had a hard time in accommodating those large numbered students, and that made it hard for other students to wait in line. Another problem of the school was the generation of forms. The students needed to fill-up the student information slip, advising slip, and three (3) copies of the registration forms for the copy and record of the accounting office, the registrar and for the student themselves. Students were consuming a lot of time in doing such. Since the students are manually filling-up the official documents the school, data Redundancy has a great possibility in causing further complexity in the enrolment process. An added problem was that when the students were getting their subjects and schedule for the semester, the students had to refer to the bulletin boards for the available subjects, schedule, and slots. Since the said information was posted, it would only mean that the updates were not monitored effectively. To keep the students updated at all times, the availability of the subjects and slots should be monitored. If a subject only has 5 slots available and there are still a number of students who would be enrolling that subject, students should be informed of someone has availed the slots already so that there wouldn’t be any wasted time just by falling in line again just to look for another available slot. I. 3 Assumption and Hypothesis This study is sought to answer the following questions and assumptions, to wit: ?What are the advantages of using an automated enrollment system? ?What are the important Components that should be used in completing this project? ?What are the tools that will be used to able for the proponent to complete this study? To aid the researcher on the study, the following hypothesis is formulated, to wit: The advantages that the proposed automated Enrollment system are: †¢Cost savings and cost avoidance †¢Quicker response †¢Accuracy †¢Getting the needed information †¢Backup and security The following are the important component in terms of student’s information: †¢Student Number †¢School Year †¢Section ID †¢Year level †¢Schedule ID †¢Teacher ID †¢Fee code The tools that will be used in completing this project is Microsoft Access 2003 as its backend and the Microsoft visual basic 6. 0 as its Front end, this tools are compatible with windows platform. I. 4 Significance of the Study Due to the increasing population of MEIN Business H. S. this study helped the school regarding their enrollment transactions. The proposed system aimed to benefit the school in their enrollment facilities such as maintaining the files, assessment of fees and especially the enrollment itself. The proposed system aimed to benefit the following: The School The main beneficiary of the study is MEIN Business H. S. MEIN Business H. S. would be adapting the new innovation of technology through web that will make their work with optimum performance. The developed system will compensate the flaws and problems that the company is encountering. Employees would not have to worry preparing forms for the customers and reports for the managers because the system will supply it for them. Registrar and Accounting Office With regards to the registrar’s office the proposed system will help the school in maintaining the data of the students and the school will not use the manual data gathering. MEIN Business H. S. will just need to check the database for the records needed. Students The students will benefit by means of not having a hard time in falling in line and waiting for their turn to register and pay for their tuitions. The students can pay their tuitions via the internet. Proponents The proponents would also be a beneficiary of the study since the proponents would value the importance of enhancing their skills and work performance while grasping knowledge throughout the study. Future Researchers For the future researchers, this study could be used for their reference in having a local enrollment system if the future researchers would like to formulate a system such as this. I. 5 Scope and Delimitation of the Study The proposed of system was a portal type system that covered the major processes in the enrollment system of MEIN Business H. S. namely: Registration of the current students, class scheduling and sectioning, assessment of fees, file maintenance, report generation (registration form, assessment slip, student master list, and other forms and reports essential to the system). The proposed system included the processing of student’s personal records and the mode of payment that the student would choose. The new students or transferees have a limited access over the online enrolment system. Since they do not have an account or profile in the system, they could only view the following: courses offered;  available schedule, subjects, and slots; projected amount of the tuition fee. When the student logs in his/her account, there would be tabs or menus that would contain options that the student might want to do in the system. He/she could find updates in his/her account (assessment fees), the pre-registration form for enrollment with the class schedule, and other forms that would be needed for the accomplishment of the records or the student. The student would also be given a selection for the mode of payment that he/she would like to avail (i. e. Online via credit card, Cash or Installment). The forms that would be needed from  the enrollee would be passed on-line. The online payment would be through the means of entering the bank account number of the enrollee, course code, student or ID number, and the bank account number of the school itself. Users of the system have their own account with different access levels. Students can view the subjects that are available, pay their tuition fees and view their grades online. The student will be given a selection of the mode of payment. Administrators have total access to the system. The portal system was not connected by any means to the current web page that the school is using. The proposed system would only be used for enrollment purposes only. The study does not cover the computation of students’ grades since only the final grade is needed to verify if the student passed the pre-requisite of a particular subject, entrance examinations and other web messaging services such as forums/threads, online voting/polling, and e-mail 1. 6 Theoretical Framework Inquiry of Students Requirements User Illustrates theoretical framework of MEIN Business High School Enrollment. Inquiry of Students, Requirements, Registration, Student Listing of Assessment, Enrollment and Student Report are the seven  entities that are interconnected to the user. Registration Student listing MEIN Business H. S. Enrollment System Assessment Enrollment Student Report 1. 7 Conceptual Framework Registration Enrollment of Students Generates properly Print official receipt Illustrates the conceptual framework of MEIN Business High School Enrollment System. Registration, Processing Modification, Assessment of Students, Enrollment of Students, Generates Properly and Print Official Receipt. These are the six entities that are interconnected with the user. Processing modification Assessment of Students MEIN Business H. S. Enrollment System User.

Philosophy Questions Essay

Question One A causal claim, by definition, is a statement about the causes of things. Regular (non-causal) claims are considered to be any declarative statement. While the regular claim can simply be made about anything as long as it is a declaration, causal statements require a certain sense of cause and effect. Causal claims examine the complex processes in which people, forces, events, and other things interact to cause certain phenomena. Causal claims rarely are proven due to the different things that may happen to cause things. Feedback: I agree with the answer because causal claims are definitively hard to prove. It depends on how you look at the event in question. Impartiality is a virtue when exploring causal claims and is often hard to keep when personally involved in the matter. Question Two A real life example of common thread reasoning in advertising is Listerine. Listerine is a mouthwash that claims to kill more germs than any other leading mouthwash. In actuality, mouthwash does not actually kill germs and the rate of germs killed does not meet FDA standards for antiseptics. The common thread would be that all mouthwashes claim to kill germs and they really do not. Most of them also claim they are antiseptics when they do not meet current FDA standards. Feedback: Listerine is a mouthwash which makes false claims as does many mouthwash companies. The common theme among these companies is their determination to market a product with falsehoods. If all of these companies make false claim, then what are they to be called?